The Constitution of India is usually discussed in law colleges or courtrooms, but on January 26, 2026, it became the single biggest talking point of the nation’s 77th Republic Day celebrations.
From the grand parade at Kartavya Path to political rallies across the country, the “Samvidhan” (Constitution) was not just celebrated as a document, but as a political symbol. While Prime Minister Narendra Modi hailed it as the guide to a “Viksit Bharat” (Developed India), Opposition leader Rahul Gandhi termed it a “protective shield” and a “weapon” for the common man.
Here is a complete breakdown of why the Constitution of India is trending right now, the key statements made by leaders, and the real facts you need to know about this historic document in 2026.
The ‘Shield’ vs. ‘Guide’ Debate: What Happened?
On the occasion of the 77th Republic Day, the political narrative in India heavily revolved around the protection and interpretation of the Constitution. Two distinct viewpoints emerged, sparking a nationwide debate.
Read more: Republic Day 2026
1. The Opposition’s Stance: “The Protective Shield”
Leader of the Opposition Rahul Gandhi and Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge led a strong narrative focusing on “saving” the Constitution.
- The Statement: Rahul Gandhi, in his Republic Day greeting, called the Constitution “every Indian’s greatest weapon and shield.” He emphasized that protecting the Constitution is equivalent to protecting the Republic itself.
- The Symbolism: This continues the trend from previous elections where opposition leaders were seen carrying the pocket-sized red copy of the Constitution, positioning themselves as its “guardians” against alleged government overreach.
2. The Government’s Stance: “The Guide to Viksit Bharat”
On the other side, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Droupadi Murmu focused on the Constitution as an empowering tool for development.
- PM Modi’s Message: The Prime Minister urged citizens to renew their commitment to a “Viksit Bharat” (Developed India) using the Constitution as the moral compass.
- President’s Address: President Murmu highlighted that the ideals of justice, liberty, and fraternity in the Constitution are what define India’s identity as a “Republic” and not just a nation.
77th or 78th Republic Day? The Confusion Cleared
A major query trending on Google this week was whether 2026 marks the 77th or 78th Republic Day.
- The Correct Answer: It is the 77th Republic Day.
- The Math: The Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950. That was the first Republic Day. Therefore, January 26, 2026, marks the 77th celebration of this event.
Why the Constitution Matters More in 2026
The Constitution is no longer just a static legal book; it has become a living, breathing part of India’s daily news cycle.
- Legal Battles: Recent Supreme Court verdicts on civil liberties and digital rights have brought constitutional articles (especially Article 21 – Right to Life) into public focus.
- Digital Awareness: With the rise of “Legal Influencers” on social media, more young Indians are reading the Preamble and Fundamental Rights than ever before.
- Political Identity: The document has transitioned from a set of rules to a symbol of political identity, with parties fighting over who represents the “true spirit” of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s vision.
Quick Facts about the Constitution of India
For students and aspirants preparing for exams, here are the evergreen facts that remain relevant in 2026:
- Adoption Date: Adopted on November 26, 1949 (celebrated as Constitution Day).
- Effective Date: Came into force on January 26, 1950 (Republic Day).
- Father of the Constitution: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
- Length: It remains the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world.
- Key Feature: It declares India a “Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.”
What Happens Next?
The political war over the Constitution is expected to heat up as the Budget Session of Parliament approaches. Opposition leaders have indicated they will raise issues regarding the “dilution” of constitutional rights, while the government plans to showcase the strength of Indian democracy through new administrative reforms.
For the common citizen, the message from both sides is clear: Read your Constitution, know your rights, and understand the power of the book that governs India.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Is it the 77th or 78th Republic Day in 2026?
India celebrated its 77th Republic Day on January 26, 2026. The count starts from the first Republic Day in 1950.
2. Who called the Constitution a “shield” in 2026?
Congress leader and Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi termed the Constitution a “protective shield” and “weapon” for every Indian citizen on Republic Day 2026.
3. Why is January 26 chosen for the Constitution?
January 26 was chosen to honor the “Purna Swaraj” (Complete Independence) declaration made by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930.
4. How many articles are in the Indian Constitution?
Originally, it had 395 articles. However, with various amendments over the years, the total count now exceeds 448.
5. What is the theme of Republic Day 2026?
The themes focused on “Viksit Bharat” (Developed India) and “Bharat: The Mother of Democracy,” highlighting India’s progress and democratic roots.